WebThe social and cultural traditions of the Dogon are among the best preserved of sub-saharan Africa, despite certain important irreversible socio-economic mutations. While there is not a great deal of accommodation near the Cliff of Bandiagara (Dogon County), there is some in nearby towns. Universit de Paris, Travaux et Mmoires de l'Institut d'Ethnologie, 33. The district headman is also head of his lineage and occupies the "great house" (ginna) of that kin group. And while some people may seem content with the story as it stands, our view is that there existcountless mysteries, scientific anomalies and surprising artifacts thathave yet to be discovered and explained. "[24] Dogon males were primarily associated with the single-sexed male Jackal and the Sigui festival, which was associated with death on the Earth. Encyclopedia.com. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. This custom is repeated over and over, throughout a Dogon village, all day. 1000-1500 AD, Dogon Sculpture, Mali. The neighboring Fulani have been largely instrumental in transmitting the Islamic faith to the Dogon. The Dogon are an ethnic group indigenous to the central plateau region of Mali, in West Africa, south of the Niger bend, near the city of Bandiagara, and in Burkina Faso.The population numbers between 400,000 and 800,000. This problem has been solved! Some of the species represented in the area are the doom palm, the baobab, and various leguminous fruit-bearing plants. Encyclopedia.com. [4], The hogon is central to a wide range of fertility and marriage rituals, which are closely related to Dogon origin myths. A good knowledge of French would be helpful when visiting the area, but a multi-lingual guide would be able to translate for anyone unable to speak the language. After initiation, he wears a red cap, and a pearl bracelet. In a polygynous marriage, the wives reside in separate houses within the husband's compound. [Editor's Note: In this article the established spellings of Kota words have been retained, al, ETHNONYMS: none The newly circumcised youths, now considered young men, walk around naked for a month after the procedure so that their achievement in age can be admired by the tribe. Associated with regeneration While digging at a site called Pakaytambo in the southern Peru highlands, anthropologists and archaeologists from the University of IllinoisChicago (UIC) unearthed an ancient Wari ritual complex that was approximately 1,200 years old. For the ethnic group of the Kingdom of Dagbon in the north of Ghana, see. About 1,500 ethnic Dogon in seven villages in southern Mali speak the Bangime language, which is unrelated to the other Dogon languages and presumed by linguists to be an ancient, pre-Dogon language isolate, although a minority of linguists (most notably Roger Blench) hypothesise that it may be related to Proto-Nilo-Saharan.[38]. Evidence from substrate vocabulary in Bangime and Dogon, Dogon Languages and Linguistics An (sic) Comprehensive Annotated Bibliography, The Dogon People of Bandiagara, Mali, The Dance of Masks of the Dogon People, The Dogon People of Bandiagara, Mali: the Dogon Fish Festival, African worlds: studies in the cosmological ideas and social values of African peoples, Dogon images from the Smithsonian National Museum of African Art, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dogon_people&oldid=1139711208, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2017, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Vague or ambiguous time from December 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Bedaux, R. & J.D. van der Waals (eds.) African art and culture had been a driving inspiration to European modern artists like Pablo Picasso, Paul Gauguin, and Amedeo Modigliani, among others. The wet season begins in June and continues through October, with cool and hot dry seasons the remainder of the year. The concept of death and rebirth is also contained within Dogon mythology. Not on view. Succession to office is patrilineal (by younger brother). Other fauna include crocodiles (in the swampy areas on the plain), reptiles, monkeys, guenons, guinea hens, hyenas, foxes, panthers, rabbits, and small rodents. WebThe Dogon are renowned for their attachment to African Culture and traditions, and in Mali, I have witnessed many difficult mental illnesses being cured by Dogon healers, called the Hogon, which is the name for the Dogon priest. [45], Griaule and Dieterlen were puzzled by this Sudanese star system, and prefaced their analysis with the disclaimer, "The problem of knowing how, with no instruments at their disposal, men could know the movements and certain characteristics of virtually invisible stars has not been settled, nor even posed. The blacksmith, set apart by his caste, has no rights in the village and lives entirely on the proceeds of the sale of his goods to other villagers. A unique architecture was adapted to the local environment by using mud bricks (adobe) to build tower-like buildings in the most unlikely places on the Cliff of Bandiagara, including rock shelters. [53], Robert Todd Carroll also states that a more likely source of the knowledge of the Sirius star system is from contemporary, terrestrial sources who provided information to interested members of the tribes. All of the men in his age-set live together in a due until they marry and have children. & Hollyman, Stephenie (photographs) & Walter E.A. WebIn this short article, the authors present a brief and clear-cut account of the relationship between the Dogon cosmogony and their social organization in terms of a discussion of [6], According to legend, the first hogon, Lebe, was descended from a nommo. As sacred leader of the Lebe cult he oversees the important planting and Dogon funeral rituals come in two parts. The Dogon also plant and maintain a variety of useful trees such as date palms. The Carnac stones are an exceptionally dense collection of megalithic sites around the French village of Carnac, in Brittany, consisting of more than 3,000 prehistoric standing stones and erected by the pre-Celtic people of Brittany. Once there, many trails are open to visitors along the escarpment and while visiting a traditional Dogon village, cultural respect is encouraged. The Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi is a monument in Turkestan, a city in southern Kazakhstan. At present I am a Read More. Dogon CultureProfane and Arcane . Although inheritance today is strictly patrilineal, formerly there was a tradition of matrilineal inheritance (by sister's son). The Dogon are There are also two types of granaries - male granaries with a pointed roof is where seeds are stored, and female granaries (without points) are where the women of this society (who are economically independent from their husbands), store their personal belongings. Our open community is dedicated to digging into the origins of our species on planet earth, and question wherever the discoveries might take us. Prior to the birth of the first child, the wife lives at the home of her parents, while her husband continues to reside in the bachelor quarters where he has lived from the age of 8 to 10. He is elected from among the oldest men of the dominant lineage of the village. The Dogon people with whom French anthropologists Griaule and Germaine Dieterlen worked during the 1930s and 1940s had a system of signs which ran into the thousands, including "their own systems of astronomy and calendrical measurements, methods of calculation and extensive anatomical and physiological knowledge, as well as a systematic pharmacopoeia". The private property of a woman goes first to her daughter, then to the youngest sister. Another 10% practices Christianity. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/dogon, Beierle, John "Dogon Their eyes were red, their tongues forked, and their arms flexible and unjointed.[21]. "[24] The removal of the second sex and soul from humans is what the ritual of circumcision represents in the Dogon religion. I View the full answer Previous question Next question In addition to agriculture, the women gather wild fruits, tubers, nuts, and honey in the bush outside of village borders. The Dogon migrated after the empire's collapse to the cliffs of the Bandiagara plateau. Signs of other contacts and origins are evident in Dogon art. This led Mr. Temple to establish the theory that, according to Nommos, extraterrestrial inhabitants of Sirius travelled towards the earth at some point in the distant past, and one crossed to teach the old civilizations (the Egyptians and the Dogons) their Thegoal of Ancient Origins is to highlight recent archaeological discoveries, peer-reviewed academic research and evidence, as well as offering alternative viewpoints and explanations of science, archaeology, mythology, religion and history around the globe. Although the Dogon recognize the creator god Amma as the Supreme Being and address prayers and sacrifices to him, the core set of beliefs and practices focuses on ancestor worship. The virgin is replaced by one of his wives, and she also returns to her home at night. Their bodies are treated Their images or figures appeared on the female side of the Dogon sanctuary. About 10 percent of the Dogon are Christians. Dogon has been frequently referred to as a single language. WebThe Hogan is treated much like a deity, the one of creation in this instance, and is free from having companionship but may have maids accompany him. 5 (December 1991), pp. The cliff is not far from the city of Bandiagara in western Mali. The blind Dogon elder Ogotemmeli taught the main symbols of the Dogon religion to French anthropologist Marcel Griaule in October 1946. The yingim and the danyim rituals each last a few days. From the mythical stroy of creation from the Dogon culture, hogon is seen as the spiritual leader of the Dogon social culture. The Beast with an insatiable Hunger for Human Flesh, Film Footage Provides Intimate View of HMS Gloucester Shipwreck, Top 8 Legendary Parties - Iconic Celebrations in Ancient History, The Spanish Inquisition: The Truth Behind the Black Legend (Part II), The Spanish Inquisition: The Truth behind the Dark Legend (Part I), Bloodthirsty Buddhists: The Sohei Warrior Monks of Feudal Japan, Caesars Savage Human Skewers Unearthed In German Fort. During the danyim, masqueraders perform dances every morning and evening for any period up to six days, depending on that village's practice. This group tends to be localized and constitutes the basic economic unit. "The dual soul is a danger; a man should be male, and a woman female. Beierle, John "Dogon Dogon door with stylized figures (Wegmann, M/ CC BY 3.0 ). In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Marriage into the occupational castessuch as that of blacksmithsis strongly prohibited. and are commonly hidden from the public eye within the houses of families, sanctuaries, or kept with the Hogon (Laude, 20). However, the gender is deliberately ambiguous, and it may be intended to represent a nommo a mythological hermaphroditic ancestor. The increase in the number of visitors to the area in recent years has done wonders for tourism, but has sadly damaged the environment and this special cultural landscape. Dogons originated for the first time from the West bank of Niger around 1490 Medicine. His saliva is the source of the life-giving humidity, and his foot must not touch the earth directly or the ground will dry up. Another minority practices Christianity. The Sirige mask is a tall mask used in funerals only for men who were alive during the holding of the Sigui ceremony (see below) (Davis, 68). ." After his election, he has to follow a six-month initiation period, during which he is not allowed to shave or wash. Following French rule, this concept was modified to allow individual ownership of property. Age stratification in the form of age brotherhoods is also recognized by the Dogon; the age brotherhood (tumo ) figures primarily in the batono rite during the annual sowing festival. A hogon is a spiritual leader in a Dogon village who plays an important role in Dogon religion. Masked Dancers of West Africa: The Dogon. WebDiscuss why you would or would not like to be selected as the Hogan within the Dogon culture. Houses may never be sold because the sites on which they stand belongs to the descendants of the old inhabitants, who have control over who occupies the house. Two of the most specialized craftsleather- and ironworkingare restricted exclusively to members of a craft caste. Each village celebrates for around a year before the 'sigi' moves to the next village. WebThe hogon, the Dogons' spiritual elders and high priests, preside over Lebe ceremonies. They make music on a special instrument that is made of a rod of wood and calabashes that makes the sound of a rattle. WebHogon are the high priests of the cult of Lebe, the first Dogon ancestor to die, whose body was miraculously transformed into a snake after his death. He wears white clothes and nobody is allowed to touch him. During a greeting ritual, the person who has entered the contact answers a series of questions about his or her whole family, from the person who was already there. Circumcision is believed to eliminate the superfluous one. Dogon religion and Dogon philosophy both expressed a haunting sense of the original loss of twin-ness. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. There are at least five distinct groups of dialects. [22] They were primarily symbolized by the sun, which was a female symbol in the religion. We seek to retell the story of our beginnings. After being chosen, a hogon must pass through several months without washing or shaving. In referring to relatives, linguistic usage distinguishes between the forms of address and the specific relationship. Religious Practitioners. Retours au 'pays du reel'", Genevive Calame-Griaule: "On the Dogon Restudied". The hogon is assisted in office by a sacrificial totem priest (yebene ), three bodyguards or policemen, a public crier or herald, and an ambassador who deals with other districts. Elaborate ceremonial stools of this kind were owned by the hogon, the supreme religious and political leader in each "[46], More recently, doubts have been raised about the validity of Griaule and Dieterlen's work. On the other hand, private property goes first to the eldest son (who must provide for his siblings), then the younger brother. This page was last edited on 16 February 2023, at 14:24. Domestic Unit. Both sexes market, fish, and gather wild foods. [15] These jihadic expeditions formed themselves to force the Dogon to abandon their traditional religious beliefs for Islam. 150,000-Year-Old Pipes Baffle Scientists in China: Out of Place in Time? In his dress and behaviour the hogon symbolizes the Dogon myth of creation, to which the Dogon relate much of their social organization and culture. Archaeological evidence indicates that the Dogon moved into the region of the Bandiagara escarpment in the fifteenth or sixteenth century, probably as a result of the breakup of the Mali Empire at the beginning of the fifteenth century. ", "Processes and Limitations of Dogon Agricultural Knowledge", Was there a now-vanished branch of Nilo-Saharan on the Dogon Plateau? From 1931 to 1956, Griaule studied the Dogon in field missions ranging from several days to two months in 1931, 1935, 1937 and 1938[39] and then annually from 1946 until 1956. [57] A more recent study using advanced infrared imaging concluded that the probability of the existence of a triple star system for Sirius is "now low" but could not be ruled out because the region within 5 AU of Sirius A had not been covered.[58]. Encyclopedia of World Cultures. ETHNONYMS: Cohatur, Kohatur, Kotar, Koter, Kothur Craft skills are well developed among the Dogon, especially the making of pottery and baskets, weaving, wood carving, and leather- and ironworking. They are Nommo, the "son of Amma," generally considered a water spirit; Lebe, the incarnation of the earth and its fertilizing properties; and Yurugu, the mythical representative of fallen man. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Updates? Other specialists are the healers or herbalists (dyodyonune ), who treat the sick, and sorcerers (dyonune ), who cast spells. In 1995, gravitational studies indeed showed the possible presence of a brown dwarf star orbiting around Sirius (a Sirius-C) with a six-year orbital period. In addition to the priests and religious functionaries of the various cults, there are seers or visionaries (kumogu ) and diviners. It seems likely that the Dogon people are an amalgamation of several groups who resisted Islamization. But after this generation, human beings were usually born single. Formed by a range of sandstone hills, the cliff has a distinctive geology and forms a natural redoubt which is somewhat isolated from the surrounding region as it is bookmarked between two mountains. When Digitaria is closest to Sirius, that star brightens: when it is farthest from Sirius, it gives off a twinkling effect that suggests to the observer several stars. The ceremony originally honored the dead ancestors but is now for the living; it serves to halt the gradual cultural decline in Dogon society and to cleanse the community of its sins and bad feelings. The largest ginnas are subdivided into several families, or tire togo (sing.). WebDogon Female Ancestor Sculpture. Africa, 38(1), 16-25, Available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/africa/article/dogon-cultureprofane-and-arcane/47CD44EC412C57D64B141529BD52F19B, Walther, O., Renaud, T., & Kissling, J. Ritual dance of Dogon County (Gleeson, G / CC BY 2.0 ). There also exists a supreme hogon for the entire region who resides at Arou (Aru) and is elected by members of the Arou tribe. [47][48] In a 1991 article in Current Anthropology, anthropologist Wouter van Beek concluded after his research among the Dogon that, "Though they do speak about Sigu Tolo [which is what Griaule claimed the Dogon called Sirius] they disagree completely with each other as to which star is meant; for some it is an invisible star that should rise to announce the sigu [festival], for another it is Venus that, through a different position, appears as Sigu Tolo. Within the castes, marriage regulations are more permissive: even first-cousin marriages are permitted. The first occurs immediately after the death of a person, and the second can occur years after the death. Clusters of from 5 to 6 of these villages center around water holes or wells, and each cluster is referred to as a "canton" or "district." [2] They speak the Dogon languages, which are considered to constitute an independent branch of the NigerCongo language family, meaning that they are not closely related to any other languages. The Hogon has to live alone in his house. In a recent overview of the NigerCongo family, Dogon is treated as an independent branch.[3]. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. WebThe Hogon is the spiritual and political leader of the village. [37] Women have no right to learn Sigui So. The Iraqi city of Erbil is truly magnificent - and in many ways. There is also a secret ritual language sigi s (language of Sigi), which is taught to dignitaries (olubar) of the Society of the Masks during their enthronement at the Sigui ceremony. WebDogon or Tellem peoples (?) After Mali's independence from France in 1960, a 40-kilometer road was built from Bandiagara to Sanga, which further disrupted traditional life. Historically, the written Burmese term "Karen" probably came fr, Doggett, Bill (actually, William Ballard), Dogs, Wolves, Coyotes, Jackals, and Foxes (Canidae), Dogs, Wolves, Coyotes, Jackals, and Foxes: Canidae, Dogs: The Rise and Fall of an All-Girl Bookie Joint, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/dogon. According to this oral tradition, the first Dogon settlement was established in the extreme southwest of the escarpment at Kani-Na. I am sure you are familiar with his legend which states that he was born in a manger surrounded by shepherds, about Petra Historic World Heritage Site Blasted By Flash Floods, about The Classical Gardens of Suzhou: A Sight to Behold, about Denizens of South Africas Cradle of Humankind: The First Walking Apes, about The Unfinished Timurid Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, about The Magnificent Citadel of Erbil - A True Archaeological Sandwich, about Kunta Kinteh - The African Island at the Heart of the Slave Trade. AtAncient Origins, we believe that one of the most important fields of knowledge we can pursue as human beings is our beginnings. In this ceremony, offerings of millet from the hogon's fields, in conjunction with sacrifices by the Binu priest (binukedine ) on the Lebe altar of the ancestors, impart to the seed the spiritual essence or nyama that will contribute toward the community's assurance of an abundant harvest. Paris: ditions Domat-Montchrestien, F. Loviton. [13] As the growth of cities increased, the demand for slaves across the region of West Africa also increased. (2003), Wanono, Nadine & Renaudeau, Michel (1996), Hochstetler, J. Lee, Durieux, J. 35 Issue 2. What is the origin of the legend of the Christed Son who was born of a virgin on December 25th? The masqueraders dance on the rooftops of the deceased's compound, throughout the village, and in the area of fields around the village (Davis, 68). Biographies - Hogon | African Religious Leader | Britannica De l'Institut d'Ethnologie, 33 can pursue as human beings is our beginnings Ahmed Yasawi a!, J slaves across the region of West Africa also increased John `` Dogon Dogon door stylized. Gleeson, G / CC by 3.0 ) learn Sigui So ginna ) of that kin group their are. French rule, this concept was modified to allow individual ownership of property [ 22 ] they primarily! Seek to retell the story of our beginnings is strictly patrilineal, formerly there a! 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